Cancer The Phenoptosis Concept Essay - 960 Words

In particular: a) species which show no aging (â€Å"animals with negligible senescence†) show the same telomerase activity at any age and have no cancer problem, as demonstrated by their constant mortality rate at any age; b) in our species, studied in wild conditions, the increase in age-related mortality is precedent to cancer-related deaths cases and it is impossible that defenses against cancer kill before cancer can develop; c) shortened telomeres, as a result of telomerase inactivity, cause dysfunctional telomere-induced instability and so the likelihood of cancer increases; d) in normal mice, telomerase expression delays aging but does not increase cancer risk. Telomerase activation is documented in many cases of cancer, but this is†¦show more content†¦These cells, which have a very high metabolic activity, show cell turnover and, when this turnover slows down, damaging substances such as A2E (a vitamin A-derived breakdown product) accumulates, cells of RPC layer rarefy and leave holes in the RPC layer. This results in the death of the photoreceptors served and the onset of symptoms of ARMD, beginning from the macula, which is the part of the retina with the greatest density of photoreceptors. Just like photoreceptor cells (particular neurons without turnover) are dependent on other cells (particular gliocytes showing cell turnover), other neurons - as those of the Central Nervous System - depend on another type of gliocytes (microglia cells). As explanation for Alzheimer Disease (AD), the decline of turnover and functionality of microglia cells has been hypothesized. Microglia cells remove ÃŽ ²-amyloid protein and it is proved that, in AD, there is inadequate removal and harmful accumulation of this protein. Patients likely affected by AD show telomeres that are significantly shorter than in apparently normal subjects. An age-related dysfunction of endothelial cells could be, at least in part, an explanation for AD, but â€Å"a cell senescence model might explain Alzheimer dementia without primary vascular involvement†. There is an association between Alzheimer disease or ARMD and unhealthy lifestyle, which reduces the number of endothelial

Essay on The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesnt have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the†¦show more content†¦When the steroid scandal heightened and the talk of drug testing began, it is apparent that Giambi got scared and stopped his steroid problem. When Giambi reported to spring training this year, he came in with a sunken in face and weighed 20 pounds less, which is an occurren ce that happens when an athlete discontinues his steroid cycle. Steroids are becoming a huge problem in Major League Baseball. Records in the past, such as the single season home run record, were set by people who were truly amazing athletes and achieved their record from hard work and dedication. From 1966 through 1994, two players hit at least 50 or more home runs. Since 1995, 18 players have reached 50. Roger Maris single-season record of 61 home runs stood for 27 years and has been surpassed six times since 1998. Morals in baseball have been lost; whatever happened to achieving greatness with the talents God had given them? Now players are chemically making themselves stronger so that they can make record books, and they are ruining their bodies as well as the competition to do it. Players now have to start juicin up just to contend with the competition. The NBA, NFL, NCAA, and Olympics all ban steroids, and it is coming to the day where baseball needs too as well (Caminiti). Well, what are steroids? Where did they come from? And how do they make someone so muchShow MoreRelatedThe Illegal Steroid Use in The Major League Baseball1355 Words   |  6 Pagestake a look and study the illegal steroid use in Major League Baseball, and possible ways it can be exempt from the game forever. Use of performance enhancing drugs is cheating and causes inequalities, in which new repercussions should be implemented. These new rules should include a zero tolerance level, records stripped and not being rewarded of their accomplishments; which is to include banishment from an admittance into the Hall of Fame. Furthermore, it causes major health concerns and could endRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Why Major League Baseball players would use steroids is the biggest question that every person in the world wants to know. I think MLB players use steroids so they can bulk up and get stronger, which will allow them to last through the long, seven-month season. I think that because they play 162 games a year during these seven months that this causes a great deal of wear and tear on their bodies. Especially if a player gets hurt, they might try to takeRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Use in Major League Baseball Steroids are unhealthy for baseball players and they are giving the game of baseball a bad reputation. Since steroids have become such a hot topic in Major League Baseball (MLB) fans have had nothing but bad things to say about the sport and its players. When sports illustrated asked some of its readers to give reaction to the steroid controversy in the MLB here is what baseball fan Howard Langsner from New York had to say Horrible, just horrible. We takeRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 Pagesin Major League history. However, this record is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to help others if they are considering using steroids, and next time you watch a MLB game to realize the impact of steroids. C. Credibility: Gave my informative speech on Steroids in Major League BaseballRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead MoreSteroids : Steroids And Steroids1162 Words   |  5 Pagessomething about Baseball that is just astonishing. Most people in the world have grown up baseball in their life, and families share the love for the sport throughout generations. However, there are also people that overlook baseball because of one thing: steroids. The Steroid Era has caused a lot of problems with baseball; it has hurt it so much to this current day. Since the steroid era started, there was a huge boost from the offensive si de. Everyone who had a love for baseball enjoyed the offensiveRead MoreThe Effect of Steriods in Major League Baseball Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is known as America’s pastime and is one of the most popular, respected sports on earth. Since the beginning of the sport, it seemingly advances with technology every year making faster and stronger players. The use of steroids became rampant and spread among players and has carried them away from the true history of the game they play. Controversy still today runs around the sport today about fines, punishments and record breaking. The past two decades of Major League Baseball have beenRead MoreEssay about Media Sports: How did Baseball get Affected by Steroids?1246 Words   |  5 Pagesways. This can be seen in America’s national pastime baseball. Baseball is a sport that became the national sport in the United States in the late 19th century. From the beginning of the sport they tried to keep the highes t standards to each player and ball club. There were times of scandal, but of all the things that happen to baseball substance abuse has been portrayed as one of the worst thing a player could do. To defame the baseball was to ruin everything the sport stood for. This researchRead More A Baseball Proposal Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesA Baseball Proposal Ever since the creation of Americas favorite pastime, baseball, cheating has been an integral part of the game. Each era of baseball has offered new and improved techniques for cheating the game of baseball. Cheating has become a common occurrence in baseball, from the 1919 Chicago Black

Corporate Governance in the UK

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Corporate Governance in the UK? Answer: Introduction Corporate Governance is defined as a close relationship among the entities involved in the governance process. This relationship eventually leads to determine the direction, performance and potentialities of the corporations. Expanding this definition only, this term could be explained in simpler words as a system that combines all the prevailing laws and procedures to work with an ultimate aim to regulate the interactions between the providers of capitals and the ones involved in the decision making process of the company and simultaneously has an effect of the companys activities and disposition over them (Mendez, 2003). The elements of Corporate Governance play a pivotal role in allocating the defined roles and responsibilities to these participants and also define their influence on the organizations routine work and the quality of work they deliver. After a detailed discussion and an intensive research on this topic, the researchers suggested that corporate governance can never occur in a vacuum and it reflects the economic, historical, legal and cultural characteristics of a company during its operation. It is also shaped and reshaped majorly by the ownership structures and economic patterns and in a minor manner by the financing options available to the business(Yulei Hu, 2008). The global economic leaders have some notable differences in their models of corporate governance and these differences have evolved due to the variations in the available financial options. A deep comparison has been made between the responses of the UK and US over the various corporate scandals (Aguilera Jackson, 2003). The US had a great revolution from flexible form of corporate governance system to more complicated and more legally-bound form. On the other hand, the UK, as a part of its response, conducted a way of evolving with steady steps which included the introduction of a wide range of influence groups. In response to the scandals, the US adopted the stringent Sarban es-Oxley Act. (Polk Wardwell, 2011). The UK, on the other hand, followed a more enhanced and innovative way of introducing a voluntary code of corporate governance which was far better from the statutory code prevailing in the US and hence succeeded in establishing the best practices in the country (Monks, 2011). The UK government, instead of passing any ineffective laws, uses a comply or explain approach to combat the prevailing issues. This approach was introduced for the first time in 1992 by the Cadbury Report. The newly introduced and the existing conventions and rules entirely followed the approach of self regulation but simultaneously had a substantial support from the prevailing legislative forces. The Comply or explain approach overpowered the one-size-fit-all approach because the former approach gave the flexibility of incorporating innovations in the companies (Faure-Grimaud, et al., 2005). As mentioned that, in 1992, UK introduced its first code which had the potential to set out the best practice in corporate governance and was aliased as the Cadbury code. This introduction involved a new concept of comply or explain approach, under which the companies had an option either to adopt and follow the best possible practices that are available at that time or to explain their respective shareholders that why their services are not needed by the company at the present situation. Sir Christopher Hogg (Former Chairman of the Financial reporting council, London, UK), in his article The Comply or Explain Approach to improving Standards of Corporate Governance, has clearly stated that when market conditions are favorable, such as that of United Kingdom, the comply or explain approach has been constantly working in reforming the current landscape of corporate governance in the UK(Zattoni Cuomo, 2008). He also revealed a statistic that showed that the current practices of this ap proach has been adopted and implemented so well that the compliance rate of these practices has increased to more than 90%. While keeping in mind the current progress of Corporate sector in the UK , he stated that the With the introduction of this soft law approach, the marketers have felt a secured sense of participation in various marketing activities and hence wants this approach to flourish for a long-term (Davis, 2001). Also, when compared to the earlier times, the present corporate governance practices have the abilities to respond in a better manner to the prevailing developments in the best practices (ICAEW Team, 2016). This is possible because these practices have got myriads of elements that are specially tailored to fit according to changing circumstances of the company and hence eventually sets higher standards of competition for all the other existing companies of the same breed. Antoinette Bozac, in another article, stated that the current corporate governance model be ing followed in the UK is the preferred action for evolution towards better gender representation. It is because, this model allows organizations to strategically and meaningfully develop their policies and targets towards broader diversity overall (Solomon, 2013). According to the author, this kind of approach has a tendency to develop more champions to influence change, foster transparency and promote inclusiveness. Antoine Faure-Grimaud, Sridhar Arcot and Valentina Bruno, in their published journal titled Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply or Explain Approach working?Has clearly mentioned in their paper that the market along with all its marketers have readily adopted the compliance as its strategic approach to combat various evolving issues. The Combined Code in the UK, under this approach, simply asks the companies to follow what it provides or to explain why they do not desire such provisions (The Financial Reporting Council Limited, 2010). When the present situatio ns in the UK are compared to the statutory system, as prevails in the US, the flexible system of the UK, when combined with the current corporate governance code of the country, paves an easy way for those companies which do not have a reason for accepting the provisions of the Combined Code. Authors like Thomas Clarke and Bob Tricker believes that the main motive of all the Corporate Governance Code is to evolve and promote good governance and propose such rules that are acceptable by all (Financial Times, 2015). But while talking specifically about this system, they said that comply or explain provision promotes innovations in all its forms and this is entirely due to a fact that this code can accommodate a number of new ideas (Tricker, 2015). This system also allows companies to have an ample of time dedicated to introduction of innovations that would foster the process of success attained and would lately set up an example for all the other competitors. In addition to this, fro m the time the UK has adopted this approach in their corporate governance system, theres an establishment of a process that includes learning that lasts for a long-term (Aras D Crowther, 2008). There are a number of companies that have followed the recommendations of the governance code to create a sound-base for the governance. There is a belief that only the public or the large and established companies with myriads of shareholders need to incorporate Corporate Governance practices in their working strategies. The right-sized governance practices definitely forms a sound base for the enhancement in the performance and long-term viability of the firm. The best Corporate Governance practices are followed by Microsoft, which is a leading USA, based company. The company, to effectively include the practices of Corporate Governance, has involved effective conversations with the shareholders. A precise corporate governance cycle is created with different activities in different season. The annual governance cycle begins in the Spring Season by evaluating the best practices of the governance with regulatory developments and companys own policies and practices. This helps the firm to evaluate the annual update of the governance framework. In the summer season, the company communicates the updates and reformations to the significant shareholders. In the autumn season, the company publishes its annual communications to the shareholders and the stakeholders. During this season, the company communicates crucial information to the major investors and gathers their feedbacks on the important topics that are to be addressed in the next season. In the winter season, the Corporate Governance Cycle concluded with the self assessment session in which the setbacks and the major wins are critically analyzed. In this season, the panel considers all sorts of feedbacks received from the shareholders in the preceding year and work accordingly to rectify the errors. The elements of the Corporate Governance practices are specifically designed keeping in mind the long term interests of the shareholders. The practices focus on the maintenance of the internal checks and balances and foster an ambience of responsible decision making within the firm. The inclusion of such practices strengthens to company to take wise and profitable decisions for its firm in times of financial crisis or when the accountability of the companys decisions and strategies are questioned. For the same reasons, the corporate governance practices are adopted in companies in the UK too. In this country the companies amalgamate this element with the other general business practices to ensure that the Board members of the firm have a right to review and evaluate all possible business operations independent of the management body. For an example, HSBC, the worlds largest banking and financial services organization, is highly committed to the specific principles of Corporate Governance. For implementing this concept in all the spheres of the bank, the company has created a comprehensive range of systems and policies that are communicated well to all the working members of the firm. According to the companys executives, a bank could be well managed only when the governance policies provide a greater oversight to the future strategies as well as the tools to exert a proper control over the working strategies of the firm. The companys code is created to be in compliance with th e applicable code provisions of the UK Financial Reporting Council and even with the Stock exchange of the Hong Kong. This is basically done to avoid any kind of potential issues related to governance. Rolls Royce, another leading firm providing the highly integrated power and propulsion solutions is also a great example of the UK based company whos Board attaches a highest priority to the corporate governance practices. The companys executives think that the concept of Corporate governance has effectively helped the firm to enhance its corporate values, to create and retain a good reputation for the firm in the local and global markets and even provide the firm with a number of innovative measures to attain its pre-decided goals and objectives on time and in a proposed budget. When a company decides to adopt the practices of corporate governance, it eventually sets out various standards for its internal workings and then proceeds to work out in that direction and this process becomes more effective when they are allowed to set their standards, rules and procedures on their own instead of working as a mere puppet in the hands of the other leading powers (Davis, et al., 1997). Van de Berghe, in the journal titled Beyond Corporate Governance, has stated that the prevailing corporate governance practices in the UK are undoubtedly the best ones and there are chances of a company to retain their effectiveness and accountability to the same level, only if it applies these practices in a right manner(EY, 2012). Although under this approach, no one can legally bind any company to follow their provisions, but yes, they have an ultimate right to evaluate their provisions on the basis of the explanations provided by the company for not accepting their provisions. The UK Corporate Governance code is effectively used in all the companies, but there are a number of companies in which this concept is not applied. These companies include the ones which shares are traded on AIM and the markets which are not covered by the listing rules. This concept is also not applied in a listed company with a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange. But it is the choice of these companies to comply with the codes if they wish so. Sometimes the pressure exerted by the major shareholders and the wish of the company to adopt the best conduction practices may also exempt the companies to follow the Corporate Governance Code. The US corporate governance has recently been heavily criticized due to failure of a number of renowned companies like Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, etc. These failures subsequently led to the introduction of a strict legal change in the form of a Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and accompanying this was a regulatory change which took the form of introduction of new governance guidelines. In the US, the shareholders hold the ultimate powers and the principles of the corporate governance of the country are designed to fit to the requirements of these people. Hence, the countrymen have developed reluctance towards the adoption of such system (Jensen Murphy, 1989). According to people, the US society works to gain attention of the capitalist and the medium and low-level creditors and stakeholders eventually have not much say in the corporate workings of the companies and leading organizations(Jackson, 2010). This is entirely due to a fact that in the US, unlike the UK, there is no independent sys tem of working and one has to work under the influential powers of others. And as expected, the shareholders suitably take care of their own interests only overlooking the prime benefits of the organization and of the people associated with it. When people look towards the corporate governance model of the US in comparison to that of the UK, it is clearly visible that in the US model there is no separation of ownership and management. There is no one above the level of the mangers and these managers work according to their will to take any sort of decisions for the organization. In this model, theres no involvement of any non-executive director, who can keep an eye over the works of the managers(WLG, 2010). For example, the US based Ford Motor Company it is the Board of Directors that have adopted a precise framework for the Corporate Governance practices to promote the effective functioning of the board. The board is comprised of the highly skilled managers, elected by a specific a nd complex process, are only responsible to take decisions for the firm and no panel is considered above it. This model is highly discarded and regarded as the failure of the leading companies because there is not a definite ownership pattern for an organization and the extra capital required by the organizations are taken from the people who are not even indirectly involved in the various processes and losses of the company. Instead, the large institutional investors have the maximum stake in these organizations and hence have a chance to say and operate the working of these companies (Tafara, 2007). When observed closely, it was observed that the corporate governance in the US has traditionally been designed to focus on the crucial people of an organization who are directly involved in the profits and losses of the company. These important people generally include the shareholders and the Board of Directors. The practices have never focused on the needs of the other participants o f the organization and hence have always failed to evaluate the actual critical situations the companies have been facing (Essen J Otten, 2015). Davis Polk and Wardwell in their journal titled, The corporate governance landscape in the United states has clearly mentioned that Although, due to occurrence of a number of corporate scandals led the government to introduce the strict Sarbanes-Oxley Act, but this never changed the basic structure of the corporate governance practices in the US (Chen Roberts, 2010). According to this article, although the managers are appointed to look over the activities of the organization and take decisions, but still they are headed by the Board of Directors which are independently elected by the concerned Shareholders of the Company. In an article titled, Failure of Corporate Governance by James Kwak, it has been correctly written by the author that, From the past twenty years, there has not been a demonstration of a beneficial governance as the reg ulatory activities imposed by the government restricted the thinking of the companies and they have lag behind in terms of innovations and thing-big ideas (Gray Manson, 2011). At the same viewpoint, John Gillespie and David Zweig, in their book, Money for Nothing: How the failure of Corporate boards is ruining American Business and costing us Trillions, have written that, The Companies have eventually become more like a private club, as there is no regulatory authority over the CEOs to whom they can report there issues and seek solutions to the emerging problems. Although the corporate governance framework of the US has been criticized by most of the Authors and has been considered as a basic reason for failure of many leading companies, yet, the part of the corporate governance system which was indirectly under the control of the public and had some governmental influence, has reacted and still has the potential to react to the quickly to address the emerging problems (Bhattachary a Sen, 2004). The evidence to this fact is that, there has been a dramatic increase in the equity-based pay and the institutionalization of the US shareholders. This expansion has appeared to have an overall positive impact on the corporate sector of US as well as on its declining economy (Yekini K Jallow, 2012). Although the weal corporate governance structure had a bad influence on the working structures of organizations, but if the overregulation element of this model is minimized then there are chances of the US system to become a better one (Waddock Stuart, 2003). Now, having a look over the arguments and opinions of the authors on the corporate governance systems of both the UK and the US, it is crucial to draw the conclusion over the thinking and viewpoints of the employees or directors of the organization to which this framework is being applied. Many UK-based companies think that Comply-or-Explain Approach is quite better than the One-Size-Fits-All Approach. In other simpler words, the corporate governance code being precisely followed in the UK is far better than all the other countries (especially US). According to the directors and the employees of all the leading organizations in the UK, the current corporate governance practices have succeeded so far, only because of the Flexibility element; it possesses which allows the companies to reform the practices according to their requirements (Aguilera Cuervo-Cazurra, 2004). According to European Commission 2013, A Comply-or-Explain Approach allows an organization to tailor the corporate g overnance practices in compliance with their size, ownership structure and sectorial specificities. While using this approach, a company can have broad tools for investor attracting as well as for ownership protection. The next advantage that the companies are enjoying over the other global competitors is attaining the highest level of Market Sensibility (Holmstrom Kaplan, 2003). According to Gibson and Smith, companies that belongs to a country that effectively follows this approach under its general corporate governance system, tends to attract more investors due to adoption of new innovative ideas. This lowers the burden of capital on the people who are not even involved in the processes of the company. The self regulation principle of the approach, allows the directors to satisfy both the shareholders and the public at the same time by quickly attending to their needs. When these companies are compared to the others of the same breed, then they have the potential to bear the ec onomic crisis in a more mature manner and combat them with their innovative ideas. According to European Commission 2006, the Comply or explain approach is beneficial for both the companies and its regulatory authorities. It gives an ample of opportunities to both of them to perform in an efficient manner (Bebchuk Fried, 2003). The approach has set an efficient trend of adoption of the bottom-up policy that forces the regulators to carry out reformations in their structures and divide the responsibilities among the different levels of regulatory authorities(Cohan, 2009). This policy acts like a mirror to the market and hence justifies the transparent nature of this approach that minimizes the occurrence of any faults within the working structures of organizations. The corporate governance approach being followed in the UK-based companies is far greater than the corporate governance approach of the US-based companies because while following the One-Size-Fits-All Approach, a proporti onal policy is applied over the companies. The restructuring of the companies is wholly solely done by the regulatory authorities who do not take into account that who owns what and hence eventually discourage the investors(Sternberg, 1997). Hence, as the companies in the UK were being encouraged to adopt a number of innovations under the comply or explain approach, here these companies are demotivated for innovations and lag behind the global leaders in the generation and implementation of innovative ideas. The leading banks viz. HSBC, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley, all favors the Comply or explain approach. The FRC claims that the corporate governance code in the UK has a proven track record in changing behavior. Once the codes with the underlying approach are readily accepted and implemented, changes can be made relatively quickly. For an example, when the code was launched in 1992, there was a recommendation of separation of the chairman and chief executive functions(Arcot, et al., 2005). By the year 1995, only 47.4% of the companies followed this, but now, at present, this percent has risen to a numerical value of 95%. In the UK, as the financial markets are in a dynamic state, the codes, if adopted precisely and effectively, are easier and quicker to change when compared to the laws. These codes are designed in such a way that they respond effectively to the market developments with many innovative ideas and suggestions. As they are tailor-made, hence can be re-drafted and implemented without necessitating legislative change. Hence, the corporate governance code of the UK is said to be in a constant state of evolution (Iwasaki, 2014). The strict-rule based regulatory environment, prevailing in the US, is often perceived to promote practices that never allow the companies to think beyond their imagination powers. The versatile code, on the other hand, adopted in the UK, allows the companies to suggest and work over the good governance practices. This eventually encourages the companies to pay more heed towards the prevailing governance issues within and outside the company. Under the working of the corporate governance approach prevailing in the UK, the companies ultimately have the freedom to think beyond their imagination and adapt those practices which would definitely have a potential to yield lucrative results for a long-term (Leon, 2001). Conclusion Having all the discussions based on the contrast to the UK and the US corporate governance structure, it has been made clear that in order to have a strong and productive capital markets, a country should have a sound and flexible corporate governance system. The European Commission, being of the same mind, in a launched consultation discussed its views on improving the corporate governance within European companies. The Comply or explain approach being followed under the corporate governance practices of the UK is considered, and also has been proven here, as the best among all the other approaches available (Doh, et al., 2003). This is entirely due to the competitive advantages, it renders to its followers, over the other global competitors. The UK Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has said that the corporate governance approach, being followed in the UK, has been a trademark of corporate governance in the UK. This approach, being one of the backbones of the corporate governance co de, when used effectively, provides effective market-based solutions. These solutions are merely a result of a direct communication between the company and its shareholders and there is not any sort of interventions from regulatory authorities. This approach, though easy in implementation and yields a number of effective outcomes, is not simply all about not having any requirements. Instead, the researchers have defined this approach if the governance practices are good, then the companies could readily respond even to the alternatives of the provision. The comply or explain approach has been sustained so far in the UK because the people have developed a trust within the workings of the companies and in demonstration of genuine commitment of the company towards good governance. In return, the companies have to trust the people that there given explanation will be given a proper consideration. The UK-based companies have considered this corporate governance system to be the best one because it has given them a number of chances to innovate their thinking and various company-related procedures. As mentioned above, the code being followed in the UK is quite flexible and hence, the companies can make myriads of changes in accord to make it fit into their current working strategies. Although, this approach is being widely accepted in a number of countries, still it has numerous drawbacks which are needed to be rectified prior to the adoption of the approach(GRAY, 1988). Doubts about Comply or explain approach mainly arises when it fails in delivering its associated advantages to the companies. In order to have a wider application of this concept, the companies need to address or understand these concerns as soon as possible. Although this approach can work independently, but when this approach co-exists with basic code principles of a country, then it can be applied to a number of circumstances with few reformations in each case. The overall discussion drives to a conclusion that the comply or explain approach has three prime reasons to be the best among all the other available approaches. Firstly, this approach considers the benefit of both the shareholders and of the public at the same time. Secondly, this approach encourages the companies to follow best practices which have the capability to yield lucrative outcomes and keep a pace with the ever-changing corporate culture. Lastly, this approach minimizes the intervention of unnecessary regulatory authorities and also minimizes their participation in the imposition of minimum standards. Hence, when compared on various contrasting scales, the corporate governance practices of the UK, which has an underlying approach of the comply or explain, is considered as the best one and should be frequently adopted by the remaining UK-based companies and all the other global leaders. Bibliography Aguilera, R. Cuervo-Cazurra, A., 2004. Codes of Good Governance Worldwide: What is the Trigger? Available at: https://business.illinois.edu/aguilera/pdf/Aguilera_Cuervo-Cazurra_OS_2003.pdf Aguilera, R. Jackson, G., 2003. The Cross-National Diversity of Corporate Governance. Dimensions and Determinants, 28(03), p. 44765. Available at: https://amr.aom.org/content/28/3/447.abstract Aras, G. D Crowther, 2008. The social obligation of corporations. Journal of Knowledge Globalisation, 1(1), pp. 43-59.Available at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/2086/2050 Arcot, S., Bruno, V. Grimaud, A. F., 2005. Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply-or-Explain Approach Working? Available at: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/24673/1/dp581_Corporate_Governance_at_LSE_001.pdf Bebchuk, L. Fried, J. M., 2003. Executive Compensation as an Agency Problem. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(03), pp. 71-92. Available at: https://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/bebchuk/pdfs/2003.Bebchuk-Fried.Executive.Compensation.pdf Bhattacharya, C. Sen, S., 2004. Doing Better at Doing Good: when, why and how consumers respond to corporate social initiatives, Available at: https://www.davideacrowther.com/csrmodule/csrreading4b.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=4ZZwS8E/zLZLbrBUoem4nGwRqUoXAAAAU13BsA==bcsi_scan_filename=csrreading4b.pdf Chen, J. Roberts, R. W., 2010. Toward a More Coherent Understanding of the OrganizationSociety Relationship: A Theoretical Consideration for Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Journal of Business Ethics, December, 97(04), pp. 651-665. Cohan, P., 2009. Why American Corporate Governance Is a Bust. Why American Corporate Governance Is a Bust, 28 December. Available at: https://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/12/28/why-american-corporate-governance-is-a-bust/ Davis, J., FD Schoorman L Donaldson, 1997. Toward stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(01), pp. 20-47. Davis, P., 2001. The Governance of Co-operatives Under Competitive Conditions: Issues, Processes and Culture; Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance, 01(04), p. 2839. Doh, J., Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K. Collins, J., 2003. Coping with corruption in foreign markets, EY, 2012. Enlightened co-operative governance. Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Enlightened_co-operative_governance/$FILE/Enlightened%20co-operative%20governance_EN.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=0bcsi_scan_filename=Enlightened%20co-operative%20governance_EN.pdf Essen, M. v. J Otten, 2015. Assessing Managerial Power Theory. Journal of Management, Janaury, 41(1), pp. 164-202 . Faure-Grimaud, A., Arcot, S. Bruno, V., 2005. Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply-or-Explain Approach Working?: LSE. Financial Times, 2015. Define of cpmply or explain. [Online] Available at: https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=comply-or-explain Gray, I. Manson, S., 2011. The Audit Process, China: RR Donnelley. GRAY, S. J., 1988. Towards a Theory of Cultural Influence on the Development of Accounting Systems Internationally, Scotland Holmstrom, B. Kaplan, S., 2003. The state of U.S.corporate Governance: What's right and what's wrong?, Cambridge: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. ICAEW Team, 2016. When is comply or explain the right approach?. [Online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/en/technical/corporate-governance/dialogue-in-corporate-governance/when-is-comply-or-explain-the-right-approach Iwasaki, J., 2014. Comply or Explain - is it sustainable?. Comply or Explain, 06 January. Jackson, G., 2010. Understanding Corporate Governance in the United States. Available at: https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_arbp_223.pdf Jensen, M. Murphy, K. J., 1989. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives*, Leon, P., 2001. Four pillars of Financial Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia: The Nature Conservancy. Mendez, M. A., 2003. Corporate Governance. Available at: https://www.forumpartnerships.zsi.at/attach/MiguelMendezFinal.pdf Monks, R., 2011. Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance, July.Available at: https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470972599.html Polk, D. Wardwell, 2011. The corporate governance landscape in the United States. Update on developments in corporate governance. Solomon, J., 2013. Corporate Governance and Accountability. Corporate Governance and Accountability, November.Available at: https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP003186.html Sternberg, E., 1997. The Defects of Stakeholder Theory. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.3-10 Tafara, E., 2007. Speech by SEC Staff: Remarks on UK and US Approaches to Corporate Governance and on the Market for Corporate Control. Speech by SEC Staff, 8-9 February. The Financial Reporting Council Limited, 2010. The UK Approach to Corporate Governance. Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/Corporate-Governance/The-UK-Approach-to-Corporate-Governance.pdf Tricker, B., 2015. Corporate Governance: Principles, Policies and Practices. Corporate Governance, February, Issue 2nd Edition, p. 544. Waddock, S. Stuart, J., 2003. the journal of Corporate Citizenship. Available at: https://www.greenleaf-publishing.com/content/jccsampl.pdf WLG, G., 2010. Corporate governance in the UK and US. Corporate governance, 26 July. Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e47e3794-47ca-45b2-ad32-e147ca915380 Yekini, K. K Jallow, 2012. Corporate Community Involvement Disclosures in Annual Report: A Measure of Corporate Community Development or a Signal of CSR Observance?. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 03(1), p. 732. Yulei, R. Hu, S., 2008. China, A Comparative Survey of Corporate Governance Between the UK the US: What Lessons Should China Learn? p. 1-7 Zattoni, A. Cuomo, F., 2008. Why Adopt Codes of Good Governance? A Comparison of Institutional and Efficiency Perspectives. Journal compilation, January.16(01).

Infant Interaction Quality and Infants †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Infant Interaction Quality and Infants. Answer: Introduction Adversity is related to the several life concerns that create the impact on future development under professional, personal as well as psychological context. In this context, the experience of problematic anxiety could create the negative effect on child developing from various constraints. These constraints are specific to depression and psychological difficulties. Very often Children suffer from the severe issue from the set of a complicated relationship, which includes parental care, educational policy setting as well as peer culture. In this environment, babies are learning about the social task, and that create significant changes in their growth as well as mental development. In order to address this concern with more clarity, report will present the impact of emotion, attachment and temperament based on the case scenario of Alex. As per the case scenario, He is a Metis child and his mother was adopted, while her heritage was unclear. At that time her family believes that, she may be indigenous in that environment. On the other sight, Alexs parents have the medical history of mental illness. It has been reported that his they have been separated from relation several times before Alexs birth. However, he was apprehended by the Quebecs Child protection care due to health issues of her biological mother. Yet, Alex has experienced different emotional problems due to constant support from parental responsibility and other supportive caregivers. This report will identify significant issues, which Alex has faced from his primary care setting during several years. Moreover, the discussion will reflect a recommendation way for resolving childcare issues in response to emotional dependence and parental attachment. Emotional development during infancy Child development could be changed in different ways during the time of pre-school year. In this time, child develops emotionally, socially and cognitively. According to Bale (2015), children respond to different kind of feelings, which could be occurred from their daily life experience. It creates significant impact on their behaviour and further understandings for coping up well in future life. In this context, emotional development is required to manage their way of understanding. It has been visualised that developmental growth of every child is affected from different kind of situation. It is caused due to their complicated emotional life. As per the case scenario, Alexs parents have a medical history of mental disorder. It has been also reported that his parents have separated different times from their relationship before their sons birth. Therefore, there is a chance of trans-generational effect on offspring, which may affect Alexs mental condition. According to Van der Kolk (2017), such mental conditions could be transmitted to the offspring by means of hereditary disorder. Therefore, it could hamper his both childhood, toddlerhood and adulthood life. Quebec Childcare has apprehended Alex, while her mother has begun to experience postpartum psychosis. As a result, the boy gradually separated from her mothers attachment and had been taken to the care-custody. During the custody of his father, his mother continued the periodic visit to Alex, but this visit was terminated while she was hospitalised due to her health issues. Therefore, it was the first beginning, where the Child has faced abandonment and loss of primary parental care. Concerning this background, emotional development could be a complicated task that starts in the infancy and sustaining until the rest of life. Britto et al., (2017) argued that various things influence childrens emotion employing behaviour and words. In the later period, it has been reported that Alex's father was arrested on the charge of assaulting his son at a local hockey arena. His father kicked him, and he falls from the stairs. After that, Alex has withdrawn again from his parental care. As a result, he becomes mentally weak, and psychologists reported that the boy is anxious and emotionally undeveloped. In addition, the sign of depression also became evident. Therefore, the prenatal situation has created the negative impact on Alex from the context of emotional effect, which makes him aggressive. Due to lack of parental capacity, the child could not express their views about what they feel within complex situation (Cirelli, Einarson Trainor, 2014). Parents could tune into childs emotions, and they can set the limit on inappropriate expression or emotions. However, Alex could not get proper support regarding this factor into early life situation. Child's emotional development as a toddler Children could get a sense of safety, encouragement and comfort within the environment of loving relationships. Parents or caregivers could teach the toddlers about the way of communication, emotional control and friend making. Through their support, toddlers can recognise how to cope up with different kind of challenges. In this context, Cook et al., (2017) commented that strong bonding between parents and children could develop trust, compassion, empathy and the sense or right decision. However, in the case study scenario, Alex has lost his attachment from her mother into prenatal period. In the late period when he was seven years old, he started living in the new province of his father. It has been reported that there was a regular verbal dispute between Alex's father and stepmother. As per the report, her stepmother gradually unable to cope up with the family due to various kind of issues. At that time, his father's mental health was declining progressively while the prescribed medication is stopped. Therefore, several disputes are hampering the parental relationship. Several report has been also displayed about Alex's aggressive behaviour in the school. However, his parents have not provided the proper response in response to these incidents. Therefore, parental care setting is not sufficient to maintain the responsibility for the toddler. Parents are not properly attentive to observe their childs behaviour. In this context, parents have to empathise with the childs frustration. Grant et al., (2015) commented that consequence is needed to be identified in response to child behaviour. In this context, the theory of mind needs to be criticised for recognising his ability under different mental status. According to Licata et al., (2014), this theory is related to intention, personal desire and emotion. For every social interaction, it is crucial to judge other's behaviour. Very often caregivers could not pay attention to the child behaviour properly. Due to this concern, the child can also suffer hyperactivity disorder and this the cause of Alex's aggressiveness during toddler period. In the later period, such experience could create the negative impact because Alex could not express his personal feeling and secondary needs from the care caregiver. This scenario is visualised due to unstable care environment and complex l ife condition. In the report, it has been documented that, Alex has told in school that his stepmother bits him. Therefore, He is facing negative consequences within his parental care and that affects his mental development. He cannot acknowledge his feeling and dependencies and other requirements. On the other hand, his emotional development is hampered while he was separated from his biological mother. This scenario could be criticised as per the argument of Grossmann (2015). Between two to five years old, child is facing emotional changes from the struggle from impulse, feeling and action. However, Alex's father has shown disruptive behaviour to his son, and that hamper the positive relation. As a result, responsibilities for a toddler is not maintained properly. Attachment in infancy and toddlerhood Attachment is most circumscribed aspect within the relationship between caregiver and child; it is required to make the child safe, protected and secure. In the opinion of Hestenes et al., (2015), the attachment is not related to entertaining the child. Through proper attachment, the caregiver could set the limit for the child. In this context, the parent also plays the role of a playmate. Within this environment, a child could explore about their necessity on comfort and safety (ATP report 2013). Infant-parent attachment is divided into several types under organised and disorganised context. In the case scenario, the importance of attachment could be analysed with more clarity. From the childhood, Alex has faced different kind of obligations that have withdrawn him from primary parental care setting. In this context, the importance of attachment is discussed to determine the caregivers response to the infant. During the first six months, children shape their behaviour in accordance with their caregiver. In this prospect, it has been visualised that Alex's parents have a mental problem and their relationship is not sustainable due to verbal disputes. These factors also repeated while Alex has started to live with his stepmom. Therefore, Alex does not have any suitable attachment for daily interaction with the caregivers. Very often caregiver emotion adversely affects child mind as found in this case scenario. Alex father has complained that her wife emotionally abused him. It has also complained that his stepmother abused with his son. In response to this complaint, Alexs stepmother confirmed that she was often frustrated and physically aggressive to them. Social workers reported that Alex becomes in traumatic condition due to certain change of his environment. In this context, Jessen Grossmann (2015) commented that infants cry within the first six months. This affects the attachment relationship between the caregiver and the infants. Very often, caregivers become frustrated rather than shaking a baby. Therefore, a child cannot express their feeling free, and that creates a negative impact on mental development. Thus, there is possible chance of disorganised attachment due to the occurrence of behavioural as well as an emotional problem as visualised in the given scenario. Dependency needs as an infant Human need is often counted and classified based on the pyramidal hierarchy. In this context, children probably prefer comfort along with food. Children often lack a safe place to live, where they can get adequate care utilising attachment and support. Lyons-Ruth (2015) commented that children often face difficulties with the society due to famine as well as insecure conditions. In order to survive, infants have to develop themselves through the support of caregivers, who can give them all security, safety and physiological needs. For instance, if other leaves his or her child hunger and does not cuddle, then the child can observe that environment is entirely different, where he or she is neglected. As per the case study, Alexs primary care setting was not comfortable because in the early life he has been undertaken in a different in a care setting due to the absence of parental care. Therefore, he has not got any opportunity to get his different kind of needs. As a result, he has no t been satisfied with his childhood environment, and it creates an impact on his mental development by means of behavioural perspective. Children start discovering themselves as independent beings the age of three to four. In this time, they have distinct likes and dislikes based on their growing personality. They cannot control their feelings accurately but can understand themselves. In this time, Child has to adjust themselves with not only academic achievements but also social-emotional development. If children feel right, then they can successfully interact with other. As per the case scenario, Alex is quite delayed in response to the academic purpose, and he is quite aggressive to other children during his preschool. Besides, Alex has displayed inappropriate sexualised behaviour with others children. Therefore, Alex's mental condition is hampered due to negative childhood environment, where he cannot get the proper assistance of a caregiver. According to Licata et al., (2014), children are naturally social and have proper interest to interact with others. In this context, Children may be anxious, shy and aggressive due to their current social situation. In this variation differences in temperament is addressed for building their confidence. In the school environment, they can resolve their skill gap through recognising the level of need. In the given scenario, Alex has faced a challenging situation that destructs his personal belongings, aggression and angry outbursts. For that reason, separate learning care was provided to him to motivate his development on right track. Most pre-schoolers can express their basic emotions and need, but Alex could not do that due to lack of proper attachment from caregivers. Temperament is considered as the difference between the individual based on the context of reaction with social surroundings. For instance, difficult temperament is visualised while infant faces the risk of behavioural as well as the emotional issue. These issues are occurred while the surrounding environment us uncooperative and sometimes irritable. As commented by Missana, Atkinson Grossmann (2015), various infant factors like the socio-economic status of the family could create an adverse impact on child life. These risks cannot be detected during three to 4 year age-period. However, in the later period, this status is gradually recognized. As per the Psychologists report sign of depression is reported along with the associated condition of undeveloped emotion as well as anxiety. He is also academically weak due to delayed mental ability. In this context, anxiety could be related to distress, fearfulness and unhappiness. According to Romano et al., (2017), anxiety problems could increase over time. Therefore, Alex is under severe mental issue during the early life stage. In the case study, social workers reported that Alex had faced repeated traumatisation due to unstable care setting environment. Due to that, he is referred under the counselling from CYMH (Child and Youth Mental Health Services). Therefore, it has been visualised that the boy has a higher level of behavioural and emotional difficulties during the period of infancy. Alex is prone to negative emotional expression, which is the underlying cause of his high reactivity, anger and low-adaptability. In the later period, these conditions are persisting. It has been reported that Alex has complained to social workers, friends and families about his experience in different care placement. He has complained about the severe maltreatment, where he cannot cope up with the different care environment. He cannot get proper need from the caregivers. Therefore, his early life condition has shown a negative impact on later life, where he cannot adjust to the society due to the frustrated mental state. Temperament condition is a first perspective here to recognise child compatibility with the current environment. In the viewpoint of Stein et al., (2014), this compatibility is related to the "goodness of fit'', which are of two types. One is related to the interaction way with the individual through traits, and another is the impact of trait on the individual. In this case-scenario, afterbirth, the boy has faced separation from his parental care and cannot get the proper attachment with the caregivers. As a result, he cannot get proper guidance to know the way of right decisional track, interaction and learning. In addition, surrounding environment was not supportive of him and that is the cause of his temperament as mentioned earlier. These factors are the primary cause, which marked the situation as not comfortable for Alex. These factors could adversely affect his adult life as well. Trans-generational effects and their relevance Trans-generational effects are related to the role of maternal behaviour. Infant mental separation and early life stress are the primary cause of the impaired emotional behaviour. Very often, this issue persists and become a deficit in executive cognitive function in the adult stage. Genetic background has a direct impact on this. As per the case scenario, Alex's parents have extensive medical illness history, and there is a chance of transmission of these genetic factors to the offspring. Treatment is available for preventing the emergence of cognitive deficits in mother; this prevention is sufficient to prevent the occurrence of such deficiency in their offspring. In this study, Alex has faced stress in his early life environment from the parental care environment. Tournaire et al., (2016) commented that early life stress could trigger significant changes in the behaviour and gene expression that can persist into adulthood. Infant maternal separation is the most dominated reason fo r such severe constraints. Alexs mental condition is unstable due to inadequate maternal responsibility during postnatal care. As a result, he has suffered increased anxiety as well as depression in the toddler stage. Therefore, there is the possible reason of Trans-generation effect that perhaps occurred in Alex's case. This section sheds light on the entire overview on Alexs emotional condition for understanding possible recommendation to shape his cognitive development. As per the case scenario, Alex has been brought up by Quebec Child protection service, while his mother began to experience postpartum psychosis. His mother could not visit her son due to long-term health issues. Therefore, Alex has experienced infant maternal separation during early life stage. Such abandonment and loss have hampered his entire development under emotional perspectives. After that he has been taken in his father custody, his father was arrested while he kicked his son in the back at a local hockey arena. In the school time, he was aggressive to other child, and he is under depression. Therefore, he is mentally weak and frustrated due to unstable acre setting environment. In the later period, he also faced such situation, while his father and stepmother are involved in verbal disputes. In addition, stepmother someti mes becomes violent to Alex due to her frustrating situation. In this condition, Alex cannot get proper emotional support from his parents to adjust to the society. As a result, the possibility of impaired emotional development has occurred. Possible future developments The developmental domain of child is considered under different categorical terms based on different policy. For instance, self-regulation and learning have both emotional and cognitive dimension. According to Van den Berg Pinger (2016), mental health is related to the child's socio-emotional competencies. As illustrated in the case scenario, Alex has experienced lack of proper attachment from the caregivers; as a result, his desire is not fulfilled adequately. He became frustrated with the constant environmental factors. In this context, caregivers have to understand the requirement of cognitive development from the background of educational and emotional insight (Child Care Act, 1972). Infants are responsive to the words and actions of other people. Therefore, proper attachment and joint attention are capable of creating the positive environment through culturally transmitted knowledge. Caregivers have to understand the theory of mind, which is significant to shape child mind. In this context, the cognitive control process is essential to plan goal-direct activities. Through this process, children could adjust to the environment and can get socio-emotional development. It will help them to get success in all fielded like an academic field. In this study, Alex has not proper care attachment and he observed that his parents are always fighting. This environment adverse effect his emotional development. Therefore, caregivers have to understand the child desire in an attentive manner. However, the care process has not been applied as per requirement. Therefore, attentiveness, sincerity is required to shape children mind. In addition, caregivers have to maintain a sustainable environment for enhancing the children develop from the context of cognitive self-regulation and socio-emotional term Conclusion It can be deduced that child development is adversely affected by social as well as emotional constraints. In this case, early life stress could create the negative impact and persist to adulthood. As per the case scenario, Alex has faced a different kind of issue from his childhood due to the separation of maternal care and other conditions. Due to these factors, he becomes frustrated and faced depression as per the report of Psychologists. Therefore, caregivers have to understand the emotional need of Alex with proper sincerity. If the environment is not suitable, the child could be, lower adaptive and depressed. In this case, the negative impact of temperament needs to be criticised. Caregivers have to be attentive more during the age period from birth to toddler. In this time, proper care is required to make this child capable of coping up with all situational environment in future life. Reference list ATP report (2013). The Australian Temperament Project. Retrieved on 4 December 2017. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/publications/australian-temperament-project-first-30-years/australian-temperament-project Bale, T. L. (2015). Epigenetic and transgenerational reprogramming of brain development.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,16(6), 332. Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., ... MacMillan, H. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development.The Lancet,389(10064), 91-102. Child Care Act (1972). Child Care Act 1972. Retrieved on 8th January 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00512 Cirelli, L. K., Einarson, K. M., Trainor, L. J. (2014). Interpersonal synchrony increases prosocial behavior in infants.Developmental science,17(6), 1003-1011. Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., ... Mallah, K. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents.Psychiatric annals,35(5), 390-398. Grant, E. J., Furukawa, K., Sakata, R., Sugiyama, H., Sadakane, A., Takahashi, I., Ozasa, K. (2015). Risk of death among children of atomic bomb survivors after 62 years of follow-up: a cohort study.The Lancet Oncology,16(13), 1316-1323. Grossmann, T. (2015). The development of social brain functions in infancy.Psychological bulletin,141(6), 1266. Hestenes, L. L., Kintner-Duffy, V., Wang, Y. C., La Paro, K., Mims, S. U., Crosby, D., ... Cassidy, D. J. (2015). Comparisons among quality measures in child care settings: Understanding the use of multiple measures in North Carolina's QRIS and their links to social-emotional development in preschool children.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,30, 199-214. Jessen, S., Grossmann, T. (2015). Neural signatures of conscious and unconscious emotional face processing in human infants.Cortex,64, 260-270. Kinniburgh, K. J., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J., Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency: A comprehensive intervention framework for children with complex trauma.Psychiatric Annals,35(5), 424-430. Licata, M., Paulus, M., Thoermer, C., Kristen, S., Woodward, A. L., Sodian, B. (2014). Motherinfant interaction quality and infants' ability to encode actions as goal?directed.Social Development,23(2), 340-356. Lyons-Ruth, K. (2015). Dissociation and the parentinfant dialogue: A longitudinal perspective from attachment research.Attachment,9(3), 253-276. Missana, M., Atkinson, A. P., Grossmann, T. (2015). Tuning the developing brain to emotional body expressions.Developmental Science,18(2), 243-253. Romano, K. A., Martinez-del Campo, A., Kasahara, K., Chittim, C. L., Vivas, E. I., Amador-Noguez, D., ... Rey, F. E. (2017). Metabolic, epigenetic, and transgenerational effects of gut bacterial choline consumption.Cell host microbe,22(3), 279-290. Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., McCallum, M., Pariante, C. M. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child.The Lancet,384(9956), 1800-1819. Tournaire, M., Epelboin, S., Devouche, E., Viot, G., Le Bidois, J., Cabau, A., Levadou, A. (2016). Adverse health effects in children of women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES).Therapie,71(4), 395-404. Van den Berg, G. J., Pinger, P. R. (2016). Transgenerational effects of childhood conditions on third generation health and education outcomes.Economics Human Biology,23, 103-120. Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories.Psychiatric annals,35(5), 401-408. Yousafzai, A. K., Rasheed, M. A., Rizvi, A., Armstrong, R., Bhutta, Z. A. (2014). Effect of integrated responsive stimulation and nutrition interventions in the Lady Health Worker programme in Pakistan on child development, growth, and health outcomes: a cluster-randomised factorial effectiveness trial.The Lancet,384(9950), 1282-1293.

Geography Is One of the Essential Disciplines in School

Geography is a very important discipline which teaches us to understand the basic rules of our world. From geography classes we know about climate and landform forces, cultural and political structure of different countries and nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Is One of the Essential Disciplines in School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This course was very organization and I got to know a lot of interesting and very important things about our world. I am quite satisfied with my learning achievements, since I reached all my learning goals. Now I have the understanding of the main forces of the earth, the ocean and the spheres, which make up the peculiarities of climate all over the world. I also learned about different political and cultural traditions of some countries. Of course, I did not cover all the amount of countries and nations, which is impossible even for such substantial course, bu t I have the common generalized knowledge of the major countries and which is even more important, I know the ways how and where I can find the necessary information. The most exciting part for me was a cultural part of the course, when we learned traditions of different people, which is really interesting. The most disputable, to my mind, part of the course is still pollution issues and energy issues, which are quite connected. To my mind this part needs more precise attention, but I’d like to discuss it a bit later. Apart from receiving definite amount of necessary knowledge I received something more. I broaden my common knowledge and now I have more definite ideas about what I’d like to get to know further. My personal achievement, which I attained during the course, to my mind, is my ability to organize my own study and the fact that I obtained such a considerable amount of information, which is a very good basis for further education. I became a geographically li teral person, if I may say so, and I bear in mind all the concepts and principles of the geography. All these achievements made me understand that this course of geography opens the whole world in front of the young people, schoolchildren. This course is very substantial, touching all the main aspects of life of the earth, including soil, water, nature and people. Now I see that geography not only deals with location of different countries but provides deep knowledge of the central laws of our existence. The course of geography is very broad; it is not like chemistry for instance which is only preoccupied with chemical elements. Geography embraces a very wide spectrum of issues beginning with natural forces, and coming to consideration of organization of peoples’ life and correlation between the nature and people.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I’d like to stress that the course is very rich in information, though, to my mind, it is possible to add some more discussion concerning the problems of energy and pollution. Modern life brings into forefront these very issues, since the amount of people grows and, thus, the amount of different polluting sources also grows, but the amount of energy sources vanishes too rapidly. Thus, from very early years we should pay a lot of attention to these issues, and we should try to find different ways to overcome these problems. Geography course contributes greatly into these issues solving, since it gets prepared new generations which are to build new perfect world. This essay on Geography Is One of the Essential Disciplines in School was written and submitted by user Samir J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Australasian Legal Information

Australasian Legal Information Australasian Legal InformationEnglish: Legal Research Center at Lewis and secondary legal materials (law reform and royal commission reports).AustLII a seamless electronic access to primary and secondary sources of law, compared to books located through the conventional law library, is a highly desirable method for legal research. AustLII provided an excellent introduction to more structured searching for materials just as legislations and, particularly when used in conjunction with keyword searching, it increased search success. AustLII increases work speed and efficiency due to the ability to search for all your information in one place. It is also very easy to search through information using hypertext links. Text manipulation is a further advantage of using AustLII. Once the information required is found, you can easily save it, print it and cut and past it into documents you are working on. This is a stark contrast to the manual library research process Also, at any time I was able to retrace my steps by clicking the "back" function on the Internet browser.Although the overall usefulness of AustLII depended to a great extend on the clarity of its and the extent to which its coverage and subdivision of a topic matches the understanding of the topic. The search engine did not offer annotations or expand on key words as of yet. Simply through placing a phrase in quotation marks or slightly altering its wording, one can dramatically alter the results a search engine returns. It is therefore important to rephrase a search entry if it does not work before it is discarded. For example, a search...

Claude monet Haystacks painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Claude monet Haystacks painting - Essay Example The essay "Claude monet Haystacks painting" discovers the art of Claude Monet. By the time Monet was done he had accomplished the artistic analysis of 25 different scenes that were from different timelines. The artist made it a point to capture details as per different times and with different weather. The end result was a model that was admired by his peers at the time and even many years to come. The subject that he chose was also an interesting one that many artists may have ignored before but that in which Monet saw a great potential to create a series of paintings. The background of the haystacks states that they are large and talk stacks that are normally located within Normandy region in France so as to emphasize the beauty of the countryside. They functioned majorly as storage facilities with the purpose of preserving the harvest, especially wheat until the time the wheat could be distinctively separated from the chaff and the stalk. These stacks were more common in the 19th century and further survived for close to a hundred years before the discovery of combined harvesters and other machines that could do the separation faster and with advanced technology. The stacks were basically common in Giverny where Monet’s home was located. Monet noticed the subject when he was taking a casual walk after which he requested that two canvases be brought to him by his step daughter so that he could sufficiently capture different weather conditions. Monet realized that he needed more than just two canvases.... painted realistic depictions which were eventually revised in a studio with the aim of generating contrast and to preserve harmony within the painting series. (Hayes, 1990: pg22) The first painting that I will discuss including the thematic issues involved is the wheat stack end of summer. The common subject all through the series basically utilized an underlying theme of transience of light. this kind of concept played a vital role of enabling Monet apply repetition in such a way that could show nuances in regards to the perception of difference in time, seasons and the differences in weather. This feature made Monet the painter that was the first to work on so many projects under the same subject matter but basically just differentiated by weather, light, perspective and atmosphere. Certain aspects in this painting involved strict documentation of ephemera that were only possible during some restricted durations of time in the day and so the keenness involved in this was captured b y Monet as he could have to wait around for such moments in time to get the real perspective. The painting depicts an accurate use of hue and color to reflect differences in light. This made it possible for the painting to show the ever changing quality of residual light as seen on the haystacks through the manifestation of distinctive coloring as done by Monet. (Charles, 1996: pg 39) The second painting still under scrutiny is that of Morning Snow Effect. This painting completely shows a different season as compared to the others. The painting was done by Monet mostly in the mornings after the harvest whereby snow was seen and so Monet sought to show the difference in capturing the value and texture that would be expected from the snow covered haystacks in the morning. In this painting,